Advanced Cartography Student's webpages
Examples of student's projects from previous years
Rutgers Web Support
WWW Publishing at Rutgers
Rutgers Web Toolkit (RU logo for your webpage)
Every Eden user has their own URL. If your NetID is jqdoe then your URL for Eden is:
http://www.eden.rutgers.edu/~jqdoe
If you create a directory called public_html and put your HTML documents in that directory
then anyone who goes to your URL will see your website.
In the sftp pane, right click on the directory public_html and select properties.
Select (put a check mark in) the boxes "read" and "execute" next to "others",
to give people permission to view your website.
Any files you move to this directory should pick up the directories permissions.
If you are denied permission to view the site, right click on the file "index.html" (in the sftp pane)
and make sure the "read" and "execute" boxes next to "others" are checked.
Use
SSH to move files over network.
In the Geography Department computer lab, use Adobe GoLive to create your website. Browse the online help topics.
Cartography Links
Color - The Technology Application Center for Educator Development
Color Theory - What is color?
Color Theory overview (color wheel, complimentary colors)
Vocabulary of Color
Color Use Guidelines for Mapping and Visualization by Cynthia A. Brewer
Browser safe palette by Lynda Weinman
Color Theory by Laurie Garo from the Virtual Geography Department
How can color enhance the design of a thematic map? 1. Functionally 2. Aesthetically
"Color is a perceptual phenomenon that results from the way our eyes process electromagnetic radiation"
Our eyes can see a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (Red - longer wavelengths to Violet - shorter wavelengths).
Electronmagnetic Spectrum
The the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum consists of the spectral hues of light (the components of white light).
Red, Green, and Blue light can be combined (added) to create other colors on computer and t.v. screens.
Additive Primaries
Additive Primaries interactive applet
(Additive primary mixing java applet created by Phillip Dukes of Bringham Young University)
Color from pigment results from different amounts of wavelengths in white light being absorbed or reflected.
In printing, Cyan, Yellow, Magenta, and Black (K) are the subtractive primaries used to make other colors.
They are called subtractive primaries, because some amount of the wavelengths in white light are absorbed (subtracted).
Subtractive primary (CYMK) mixing
Subtractive Primaries interactive applet
(Subtractive primary mixing java applet created by Phillip Dukes of Bringham Young University)
Map clip art is in the J drive, in a folder named "maps_reference"
Use a clipping mask to hide unwanted clip art during early stages of project
PRIMARY COLORS (additive = red, green, blue; subtractive = cyan, magenta, yellow) (source)
Equal amounts of:
blue and green create cyan Red is not used. Red and Cyan are complimentary colors.
red and green create yellow Blue is not used. Blue and yellow are complimentary colors.
blue and red create magenta Green is not used. Green and magenta are complimentary colors.
Relationships between primary colors
Color Gamut: The range of color a device can produce, or the range of color a color model can represent.
Perceptual primary colors were first proposed by Leonardo da Vinci. The psychological primary colors are
red, yellow, green, and blue. These are the perceptual primaries, those colors that do not appear to have
any other color in them.
Perceptual Aspects of Color
Visual Perception
Color Dimensions
Color Interaction |
value and
color affected by background | color affected by
size of area
Contrast and Figure-Ground
* Hue - longer wavelengths advance, while shorter wavelengths retreat;
* Value - high value (lighter) advances, low value (darker) retreats;
* Chroma - deep or highly saturated colors advance, while less saturated colors retreat.
Subjective Reactions to Color
SYMBOL DESIGN
Cartographic color conventions
Non-cartographic color associations
Color Dimensions: Hue, Value, Chroma (or Saturation)
Color Wheel and color schemes
Symbolizing QUANTITY and QUALITY in color
Color schemes to symbolize data
Using
PATTERN on a color map
Color Brewer
MAPS IN THE NEWS (for critique)
VD in NC
SF Fill
Divorce Statistics
Seismic Risks
Diamonds
Where Lightning Strikes map
NOAA lightning
Middlesex County Property Values
U.S oil consumption
Raster and Vector format differences article (with links)
Raster and Vector illustration
Raster pixels illustration (source article)
Raster_Vector translation illustration (source article)
Computer Graphics primer
Color Use in Presentations
Image Quality (dots per inch, lines per inch, size)
Difference between Mac and PC screen resolution
American Indians (AI b&w map for color symbolization)
EARLY SETTLEMENT
PROJECT PRODUCTION
Which phase of the project to you spend the most time on?
Which phase of the project do you enjoy working on the least and most?
PRODUCTION & PRINTING OF COLOR
Quotes are from The Virtual Geography Deparmtent
Lesson 3
COLOR SPECIFICATION SYSTEMS
CIE (International Commission on Color) color system
"The system applies to additive primary mixing of colors as light but not to the subtractive primary mixing of colors as pigment."
The CIE system is meant to be an objective system. This can be useful for color calibration of hardware, but is limited for use in map symbolization.
Munsell color system
"The Munsell system is less numerical and less objective than CIE but more user friendly in terms of selecting and specifying colors, especially as a standard from which to create color using the RGB and CMYK systems. The Munsell system is useful in cartography because it is based on the color dimensions of hue, value and chroma."
Pantone Matching System
By specifying a Pantone color you insure that the correct color is printed regardless of what your monitor might display.
"The Pantone Color Specification System involves the creation of individual colors by mixing a limited number of basic color printing inks in varied proportions according to specifications or color recipes."
"Pantone colors are created by mixing the basic color inks in certain proportions. Pantone colors are cataloged in Pantone Formula Guides wherein every Pantone color is identified by a color chip, a color identification number (e.g., Pantone 360c), the "recipe" (proportions of the basic colors used to create the color) and the percentage that each component ink comprises within the total color. Pantone 360c (c for coated), for example, is comprised of 5 parts of Pantone Yellow (31.2 % of the total color ink used), 3 parts of Pantone Process Blue (18.8%) and 8 parts of Pantone White (50%). The user selects or specifies color by the color number and the printer uses the recipe to recreate the color to exact specification."
"Pantone colors come in coated (glossy) and uncoated (matte) for use on different paper types and for glossy vs matte results."
Pantone.com
RGB Color Model
"The electronic creation and display of color makes use of the principle of color as light and involves color mixing of the additive primaries, where red, green, and blue light are mixed in varying intensities to create a multitude of colors. The intensity of light ranges from 0 (no light) to 256 (maximum light intensity). The light intensity controls the creation of hues of varied value and chroma. Red, green and blue can thus be combined in 256 possible intensities each"
CYMK Color Model
"The CMYK system of creating color involves mixing proportions of the process color inks, that is, certain percentages of cyan, magenta, yellow and black ink."
MAP PRINTING METHODS
Relief (wood cut); Intaglio (engraved); Lithography (originally using stone)
Brielle
PRINTING FUNDAMENTALS
Type set backwards for (non-offset) printing
Offset Lithography Diagram (printing technique using plates and based on an all-or-nothing inking principle)
Offset lithography offers the advantage of working in "right reading" mode
"Offset Lithography is by far the most common form of commercial printing"
DUPLICATION METHODS
"The proper sequence in preparing artwork is first to determine the process by which it will be duplicated,
and then to plan how the artwork can best be prepared to fit that method" (from Elements of Cartography)
Each method has pros and cons related to cost, quality, size, and other characteristics.
Small number of copies (photocopy; photography; desktop printer; plotter)
Large number of copies (offest photo-lithography). Decreasing unit cost with increasing numbers of copies.
Very high print quality (above 1200 dpi)
Very high print speeds (above 200 pages per minute)
Large number of copies (over 10,000 pages)
DETERMINE WHAT COLORS TO USE (from Adobe's Print Publishing Guide)
Process Colors (transparent)
Use process colors when:
You need more than three colors in your design.
In general, printing with process inks costs less than printing with three or more spot inks.
You want to reproduce color photos or artwork that can only be reproduced with process colors.
Spot Colors
Use spot colors when:
You need three or fewer colors (not including screened tints).
You want to print logos or other graphics elements that require precise color matching.
You want to print special inks, such as metallic or fluorescent spot inks.
COLOR MANAGEMENT
Adobe Color Management Terminology
Adobe's Color Managed Workflow
International Color Consortium
PREPRESS OPERATIONS (from Adobe's Print Publishing Guide)
Proofing
Printers marks (registration, cropping)
Bleeds
PRINTING PROBLEMS and SOLUTIONS
Correctly angled dot screens form rosettes not Moire patterns.
Moire patterns can be created through incorrect screen angle settings in color printing.
There is a Moire pattern in the first panel of this cartoon
Registration was not maintained during the printing of this map
Fine lines, text and oversaturation of ink can lead to registration problems during printing
Trapping
Undercolor removal; Gray component replacement
